Diabetic Charcot Foot
Diabetic Charcot Foot
Diabetic Charcot Foot: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Charcot foot is a serious, non-infectious, degenerative condition that affects the bones, joints, and soft tissues of the foot and ankle, primarily in people with diabetes. It occurs in approximately 1% to 2.5% of diabetic individuals, and its prevalence has been rising as people with diabetes live longer. This condition affects both men and women equally, with an average onset age of 40. Additionally, about 30% of cases involve both feet and/or ankles.
What Happens in Charcot Foot?
Charcot foot can develop suddenly and, in some cases, without pain. Within a short period, the bones in the foot or ankle may weaken, spontaneously fracture, and fragment. As the condition progresses, it leads to severe foot deformity, often making it difficult to wear standard footwear.
One of the hallmark signs of Charcot foot is the collapse of the arch, resulting in a characteristic “rocker-bottom” foot shape. As the foot loses its normal structure, areas of high pressure form on the sole, making it prone to ulcers and open sores. Additionally, ankle instability may become so severe that walking without a brace becomes difficult or even impossible.
Treatment Options
Most cases of Charcot foot can be managed without surgery using:
• Custom braces and splints
• Special orthopedic footwear
• Total contact casting to stabilize the foot and prevent further deformity
Advancements in medical technology have expanded the range of non-surgical treatment options, allowing for better management of Charcot foot.
When is Surgery Necessary?
In some cases, surgical intervention may be required, particularly when:
1. The deformity causes significant instability that cannot be managed with bracing.
2. Increased pressure on the sole of the foot raises the risk of ulcers.
3. Chronic ulcers develop due to severe foot deformity and do not heal with conservative treatment.
4. Ulcers repeatedly return despite successful non-surgical management.
Why Early Detection Matters
Recognizing Charcot foot early is crucial to preventing severe complications. If you have diabetes and notice swelling, warmth, or changes in foot shape, seek medical attention immediately. Prompt treatment can help maintain mobility and reduce the risk of serious deformities.
For more information on Charcot foot care and treatment options, consult with us today!
For Diabetic Wound Information, click here.
For Diabetic Foot Care Information, click here.
For Diabetic Nutritional Guideline Information, click here.
For Diabetic Foot Infection Information, click here.
For Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Information, click here.
For Peripheral Arterial Disease Information, click here.
Charcot Foot Surgical Correction
Charcot Foot is a serious condition that can lead to severe deformity, ulceration, and even amputation if left untreated. Surgical intervention is often required in advanced cases to stabilize the foot and restore function. The type of surgery depends on several factors, including:
- Location of the Charcot deformity (midfoot, ankle, etc.)
- Stage of the Charcot process (three defined stages)
- Presence of an ulcer
- Stability of the deformity
- Patient’s overall health
Types of Surgical Procedures
- Ostectomy
- Purpose: Removes a bony prominence causing excessive pressure and ulceration.
- Procedure: Outpatient or one-night hospital stay; local or general anesthesia.
- Recovery: 3-4 weeks in a weight-bearing brace or cast, followed by extra-depth diabetic footwear.
2. Midfoot Realignment Arthrodesis
- Purpose: Used for significant midfoot instability and collapsed arches.
- Procedure: Hospital stay (1-2 nights), general anesthesia, internal fixation (plates/screws).
- Recovery:
- 3 months in a non-weight-bearing cast
- 1-2 months in a weight-bearing brace
- 5-6 months before returning to extra-depth diabetic footwear
3. Hindfoot and Ankle Realignment Arthrodesis
- Purpose: Limb salvage procedure for severe instability when bracing has failed.
- Procedure:
- 1-2 night hospital stay, general anesthesia
- Use of screws, plates, nails, and external fixators for stabilization
- Recovery:
- 4 months in a non-weight-bearing cast
- 2-3 months in a protective rocker-bottom brace
- Progression to a custom-made brace for long-term support
Potential Complications
- Increased risk of infection due to diabetes-related immune suppression
- Higher failure rates in arthrodesis procedures compared to minor surgeries
- Longer recovery periods with an increased risk of post-surgical complications
- Limb loss in cases of severe infection or non-healing wounds
Patient Considerations Before Surgery
- Extensive Consultation: Discuss risks and benefits thoroughly with a surgeon.
- Preoperative Assessment: Cardiac and overall health evaluation before surgery.
- Postoperative Care: Long-term commitment to protective footwear and braces.
Why Choose Surgical Management?
While surgery for Charcot Foot carries risks, it is often the only alternative to below-the-knee amputation. Successful procedures can restore mobility, reduce pain, and improve overall quality of life. It is crucial to seek treatment from an experienced specialist, preferably at a tertiary care facility with expertise in diabetic foot conditions.
Schedule a Consultation
If you or a loved one is experiencing Charcot Foot symptoms, early intervention is key. Contact our specialist team today to discuss your treatment options and determine the best course of action.
DISCLAIMER: MATERIAL ON THIS SITE IS BEING PROVIDED FOR EDUCATIONAL AND INFORMATION PURPOSES AND IS NOT MEANT TO REPLACE THE DIAGNOSIS OR CARE PROVIDED BY YOUR OWN MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL. This information should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease or prescribing any medication. Visit a health care professional to proceed with any treatment for a health problem.
